河南科技學院 生科农学081 张高远 许春耕
一、小麦灌浆速率测定
样本信息
采集时间:2011年5月24日
采集地点:新乡乔谢
A组 (10株单茎)
| 叶面积调查 | |||
| 长cm | 宽cm | 积 | 面积c㎡ |
| 21.3 | 1.0 | 21.30 | 17.75 |
| 18.5 | 1.2 | 22.20 | 18.50 |
| 11.3 | 1.4 | 15.82 | 13.18 |
| 18.2 | 1.2 | 21.84 | 18.20 |
| 20.0 | 1.5 | 30.00 | 25.00 |
| 13.1 | 1.6 | 20.96 | 17.47 |
| 28.2 | 0.9 | 25.38 | 21.15 |
| 17.3 | 1.2 | 20.76 | 17.30 |
| 10.9 | 1.4 | 15.26 | 12.72 |
| 20.3 | 1.2 | 24.36 | 20.30 |
| 16.5 | 1.3 | 21.45 | 17.88 |
| 9.0 | 1.2 | 10.80 | 9.00 |
| 18.2 | 1.0 | 18.20 | 15.17 |
| 11.7 | 1.2 | 14.04 | 11.70 |
| 17.7 | 0.7 | 12.39 | 10.36 |
| 15.0 | 1.0 | 15.00 | 12.50 |
| 17.5 | 1.2 | 21.00 | 17.50 |
| 11.3 | 1.3 | 14.69 | 12.24 |
| 17.1 | 1.0 | 17.10 | 14.25 |
| 20.3 | 1.1 | 22.33 | 18.61 |
| 17.9 | 1.4 | 25.06 | 20.88 |
| 10.3 | 1.5 | 15.45 | 12.88 |
| 18.0 | 1.1 | 19.80 | 16.50 |
| 17.0 | 1.4 | 23.80 | 19.83 |
| 10.0 | 1.5 | 15.00 | 12.50 |
| 21.1 | 0.7 | 14.77 | 12.31 |
| 16.1 | 1.0 | 16.10 | 13.42 |
| 11.6 | 1.3 | 15.08 | 12.57 |
| 17.2 | 1.5 | 25.80 | 21.50 |
| 10.0 | 1.0 | 10.00 | 8.33 |
单穗叶面积=[∑叶片面积]/[样株数] = 471.45c㎡/10 = 47.15c㎡
| 节间长统计cm | ||||
| 3.5 | 5.8 | 6.2 | 14.1 | 22.5 |
| 6.1 | 6.8 | 8.0 | 16.0 | 21.4 |
| 6.3 | 5.9 | 7.3 | 15.1 | 18.0 |
| 7.0 | 6.2 | 7.7 | 14.5 | 20.0 |
| 4.2 | 5.1 | 7.6 | 14.3 | 21.5 |
| 6.5 | 5.8 | 9.3 | 17.5 | 9.5 |
| 7.5 | 9.2 | 14.5 | 21.2 | |
| 6.4 | 6.6 | 8.4 | 16.9 | 20.5 |
| 4.5 | 6.7 | 12.2 | 24.5 | |
| 5.7 | 5.5 | 7.8 | 16.2 | 21.9 |
总鲜重:69.0g 穗鲜重:24.86kg 百粒重量:5.95g 百粒体积:5.3ml
十粒统计: ①长:7.4cm 宽:3.9cm 厚:3.2cm
②长:7.3cm 宽:3.9cm 厚:3.2cm
总粒数:302粒 籽粒总鲜重:10.27g
茎叶干重:13.29g 籽粒干重:8.51g 麦糠干重:3.33g
总干重:25.13g
籽粒含水率=(籽粒总鲜重-籽粒干重)/籽粒总鲜重×100%=17.14%
千粒鲜重=籽粒总鲜重/总粒数×1000=34.01g
千粒干重=籽粒干重/总粒数×1000=28.18g
B组 (10株单茎)
| 叶面积调查 | |||
| 长cm | 宽cm | 积 | 面积c㎡ |
| 19.0 | 1.8 | 34.20 | 28.50 |
| 16.4 | 1.5 | 24.60 | 20.50 |
| 21.5 | 1.3 | 27.95 | 23.29 |
| 18.7 | 1.9 | 35.53 | 29.61 |
| 11.6 | 1.9 | 22.04 | 18.37 |
| 21.5 | 0.8 | 17.20 | 14.33 |
| 21.0 | 1.8 | 37.80 | 31.50 |
| 13.5 | 1.6 | 21.60 | 18.00 |
| 16.0 | 0.9 | 14.40 | 12.00 |
| 20.0 | 1.2 | 24.00 | 20.00 |
| 17.2 | 1.8 | 30.96 | 25.80 |
| 10.0 | 1.8 | 18.00 | 15.00 |
| 19.6 | 1.8 | 35.28 | 29.40 |
| 18.4 | 1.5 | 27.60 | 23.00 |
| 11.8 | 1.5 | 17.70 | 14.75 |
| 19.0 | 0.9 | 17.10 | 14.25 |
| 16.8 | 1.3 | 21.84 | 18.20 |
| 12.3 | 1.9 | 23.37 | 19.48 |
| 18.8 | 1.2 | 22.56 | 18.80 |
| 21.7 | 1.3 | 28.21 | 23.51 |
| 18.7 | 1.5 | 28.05 | 23.38 |
| 10.8 | 1.5 | 16.20 | 13.50 |
| 20.3 | 1.2 | 24.36 | 20.30 |
| 18.5 | 1.3 | 24.05 | 20.04 |
| 19.2 | 0.8 | 15.36 | 12.80 |
| 19.9 | 1.3 | 25.87 | 21.56 |
| 17.5 | 1.9 | 33.25 | 27.71 |
| 10.0 | 1.9 | 19.00 | 15.83 |
单穗叶面积=[∑叶片面积]/[样株数] = 573.40c㎡/10 = 57.34c㎡
| 节间长统计cm | ||||
| 6.7 | 6.6 | 8.2 | 17.0 | 18.4 |
| 2.0 | 6.5 | 7.6 | 14.7 | 20.9 |
| 6.9 | 6.6 | 11.1 | 25.9 | |
| 4.3 | 6.4 | 6.6 | 18.2 | 21.2 |
| 6.1 | 6.5 | 8.0 | 15.7 | 21.0 |
| 5.0 | 5.0 | 8.0 | 16.5 | 19.8 |
| 0.5 | 8.1 | 7.3 | 13.3 | 19.5 |
| 3.5 | 5.5 | 7.4 | 16.8 | 23.7 |
| 4.3 | 5.7 | 8.0 | 19.6 | 23.0 |
| 2.0 | 6.7 | 6.4 | 12.0 | 20.3 |
总鲜重:71.6g 穗鲜重:25.78kg 百粒重量:6.13g 百粒体积:5.5ml
十粒统计: ①长:7.2cm 宽:4.1cm 厚:3.4cm
②长:7.9cm 宽:4.2cm 厚:3.5cm
总粒数:316粒 籽粒总鲜重:11.06g
茎叶干重:13.11g 籽粒干重:8.88g 麦糠干重:3.43g
总干重:25.42g
籽粒含水率=(籽粒总鲜重-籽粒干重)/籽粒总鲜重×100%=19.71%
千粒鲜重=籽粒总鲜重/总粒数×1000=35.00g
千粒干重=籽粒干重/总粒数×1000=28.10g
二、田间测产
说明:两种计算方法本质的探究
在统计亩穗数时,介绍两种方法及统计公式:
①[一米 单行穗数/(1m ×行距m)] ×667㎡/亩
②[一米双行穗数/(1寸×行距寸)] ×10000
对此持我们组不同意见,我组认为,两者在数学推导上其实就是一个公式,如下:
设一米单行平均穗数K,行距为x寸=(x/30)m
公式①
=K/[1×(x/30)] ×667
=30K/x×667
=20000 K/x
=2K/x×10000
=公式②
两种方法的唯一区别就是在调查时按五点取样 方法①每点取一行而方法②每点取两行求平均值代表一行,也就是说,方法①只是方法②的一个操作上的简化版,如果同时使用两种方法,显然没有什么意义。故我组以下数据,以较为精确的方法②为准,不再考虑方法①。
样本信息
采集时间:2011年5月25日
采集地点:新乡乔谢
行穗数
| 行1 | 194 | 150 | 270 | 140 | 129 |
| 行2 | 144 | 154 | 204 | 180 | 119 |
| 和 | 338 | 304 | 474 | 320 | 248 |
平均双行穗数=336.8
行距25cm=7.5寸
粗亩穗数=336.8/7.5×10000=449066.7
乘以校正系数0.85后得到:
亩穗数=381706.7
穗粒数(每点取五穗)
| 样点1 | 30 | 28 | 18 | 39 | 24 |
| 样点2 | 21 | 38 | 34 | 21 | 29 |
| 样点3 | 25 | 19 | 21 | 32 | 21 |
| 样点4 | 39 | 24 | 20 | 31 | 37 |
| 样点5 | 34 | 20 | 24 | 18 | 7 |
平均穗粒数=26.16
往年千粒重数据42g
产量(估计)=亩穗数×平均穗粒数×千粒重/1000=419.39kg
三、小麦个体长相调查
样本信息
采集时间:2011年5月25日
采集地点:新乡乔谢
| 株序号 | | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 株高cm | | 51.5 | 54.4 | 55.6 | 55.2 | 53.7 | 48.3 | 59.4 | 55.4 | 57.4 | 58.9 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 分蘖 | 有效 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 3 |
| | 无效 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 叶片着生高度cm | | 15.3 | 14.2 | 16.8 | 16.8 | 18.3 | 12.0 | 10.8 | 19.6 | 20.0 | 15.0 |
| | 21.2 | 21.3 | 19.6 | 18.5 | 27.2 | 19.8 | 15.3 | 27.0 | 29.4 | 20.0 | |
| | 28.3 | 30.5 | 25.0 | 20.6 | 41.3 | 24.1 | 17.1 | 47.9 | 44.8 | 28.9 | |
| | 43.8 | 45.5 | | | | | 41.3 | | | 45.7 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 叶耳距 | | 5.9 | 7.1 | 2.8 | 1.7 | 8.9 | 7.8 | 4.5 | 7.4 | 9.4 | 5.0 |
| | 7.1 | 9.2 | 5.4 | 2.1 | 14.1 | 4.3 | 1.8 | 20.9 | 15.4 | 8.9 | |
| | 5.5 | 15.0 | | | | | 24.2 | | | 16.8 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 叶片数 | | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 穗长cm | | 6.3 | 5.7 | 6.7 | 6.5 | 7.3 | 7.9 | 6.3 | 7.0 | 7.9 | 7.0 |
| | 6.2 | 7.2 | 7.3 | 5.8 | 5.1 | 8.2 | 6.9 | 7.0 | 7.2 | 6.2 | |
| | 6.6 | 7.7 | 6.9 | 7.4 | 6.3 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 6.2 | 6.7 | 7.0 | |
| | | 6.7 | | 6.6 | 6.0 | 7.5 | | | 6.5 | | |
| | | 7.6 | | | 6.6 | 7.6 | | | 6.7 | | |
| | | 7.0 | | | | | | | 6.4 | | |
| | | 7.5 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 小穗 (结实+不孕) | | 13+6 | 16+3 | 15+4 | 14+7 | 19+3 | 19+2 | 19+3 | 16+5 | 18+3 | 20+3 |
| | 14+5 | 22+1 | 21+1 | 14+5 | 14+6 | 19+1 | 11+7 | 14+5 | 19+5 | 17+3 | |
| | 17+3 | 18+4 | 16+3 | 11+7 | 7+8 | 17+2 | 17+4 | 12+6 | 17+4 | 17+5 | |
| | | 17+3 | | 20+2 | 16+3 | 17+3 | | | 14+5 | | |
| | | 21+1 | | | 15+5 | 17+3 | | | 12+8 | | |
| | | 17+3 | | | | | | | 13+7 | | |
| | | 17+3 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 次生根 | | 68 | 74 | 37 | 53 | 65 | 52 | 57 | 42 | 73 | 41 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 主茎节间长cm | 第一节间 | 13.0 | 1.4 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 4.0 |
| 第二节间 | 6.2 | 6.5 | 6.3 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 6.0 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 6.0 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 十株主茎总宽cm | 第一茎节 | 3.8 | |||||||||
| 第二茎节 | 4.5 | ||||||||||